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damaged goods etc

  • 1 reject

    1. transitive verb
    1) ablehnen; abweisen [Freier]; zurückweisen [Bitte, Annäherungsversuch]
    2) (Med.) nicht vertragen [Nahrung, Medizin]; abstoßen [Transplantat]
    2. noun
    (thing) Ausschuss, der
    * * *
    1. [rə'‹ekt] verb
    (to refuse to accept: She rejected his offer of help; He asked her to marry him, but she rejected him.) ablehnen
    2. ['ri:‹ekt] noun
    (something that is rejected because it is faulty etc.) der Ausschuß
    - academic.ru/61290/rejection">rejection
    * * *
    re·ject
    I. vt
    [rɪˈʤekt]
    1. (decline)
    ▪ to \reject sth etw ablehnen [o zurückweisen]
    to \reject an application/a request eine Bewerbung/Bitte ablehnen
    to \reject an article/a manuscript einen Artikel/ein Manuskript ablehnen
    to \reject a bill/motion einen Gesetzesvorschlag/Antrag ablehnen
    to \reject a candidate [or applicant] einen Bewerber ablehnen
    to \reject a claim eine Forderung [o einen Anspruch] zurückweisen
    to \reject a complaint/protest einen Vorwurf/Protest zurückweisen
    to \reject a compromise/demand/proposal einen Kompromiss/eine Forderung/einen Vorschlag ablehnen
    to \reject an excuse eine Entschuldigung nicht annehmen
    to \reject the minutes das Protokoll beanstanden
    to \reject an offer/a plan/a plea ein Angebot/einen Plan/ein Gesuch ablehnen
    to \reject a religion eine Religion ablehnen, nicht an eine Religion glauben
    2. (snub)
    ▪ to \reject sb jdn abweisen [o zurückweisen]
    to feel \rejected sich akk als Außenseiter fühlen
    she felt as though her parents had \rejected her sie hatte das Gefühl, von ihren Eltern verstoßen worden zu sein
    3. MED
    to \reject a drug ein Medikament nicht vertragen
    to \reject a transplant ein Transplantat abstoßen
    4. (not accept)
    ▪ to \reject sth token, bill, coin, card etw nicht annehmen
    II. n
    [ˈri:ʤekt]
    (product) Fehlerware f, Ausschussware f; (person) Außenseiter(in) m(f)
    * * *
    [rɪ'dZekt]
    1. vt
    1) damaged goods etc (customer) ablehnen, zurückweisen; (maker, producer) aussortieren, ausscheiden
    2) (= turn down) application, request etc ablehnen; (stronger) abweisen, zurückweisen; candidate (through vote) durchfallen lassen; suitor, advances abweisen, zurückweisen; offer ablehnen, ausschlagen; criticism zurückweisen; plea zurückweisen, abschlagen; idea, possibility verwerfen
    3) (MED) drug nicht vertragen, ablehnen; transplant abstoßen; (stomach) food verweigern
    2. n
    ['riːdZekt] (COMM) Ausschuss m no pl

    although this jacket's a reject... — obwohl dieses Jackett zweite Wahl ist,...

    society's rejects — die Ausgestoßenen pl

    * * *
    A v/t [rıˈdʒekt]
    1. jemanden oder etwas ab-, zurückweisen, eine Bitte abschlagen, etwas verwerfen:
    reject a counsel einen Rat verschmähen oder nicht annehmen;
    reject food Nahrung oder die Nahrungsaufnahme verweigern;
    a) POL, THEAT durchfallen umg,
    b) einen Korb bekommen (Freier)
    2. (als wertlos oder unbrauchbar) ausscheiden, TECH auch ausstoßen
    3. MED
    a) Essen wieder von sich geben (Magen)
    b) ein verpflanztes Organ etc abstoßen
    B s [ˈriːdʒekt] Ausschussartikel m:
    rejects pl Ausschuss(ware) m(f)
    * * *
    1. transitive verb
    1) ablehnen; abweisen [Freier]; zurückweisen [Bitte, Annäherungsversuch]
    2) (Med.) nicht vertragen [Nahrung, Medizin]; abstoßen [Transplantat]
    2. noun
    (thing) Ausschuss, der
    * * *
    n.
    Absonderung f. v.
    ablehnen v.
    ausschlagen v.
    verwerfen v.
    zurück weisen v.
    zurückweisen (alt.Rechtschreibung) v.

    English-german dictionary > reject

  • 2 rejection

    noun
    1) see academic.ru/61287/reject">reject 1. 1): Ablehnung, die; Abweisung, die; Zurückweisung, die
    2) (Med.) Abstoßung, die
    * * *
    [-ʃən]
    noun ((an) act of rejecting.) die Ablehnung
    * * *
    re·jec·tion
    [rɪˈʤekʃən]
    n
    1. (dismissing) Ablehnung f, Absage f; ECON Zurückweisung f, Abweisung f
    fear of \rejection Furcht f vor Ablehnung
    letter of \rejection, \rejection letter Absage f, Absageschreiben nt
    \rejection of delivery Annahmeverweigerung f
    to meet with \rejection auf Ablehnung stoßen
    he was met with \rejection man brachte ihm Ablehnung entgegen
    \rejection slip Absage f (eines Verlags); of goods Aussortierung f
    2. MED Abstoßung f
    3. COMPUT Zurückweisung f
    * * *
    [rI'dZekSən]
    n
    1) (of damaged goods etc by customer) Ablehnung f, Zurückweisung f; (by maker, producer) Aussortierung f, Ausscheidung f
    2) (= turning down of application, request, offer etc) Ablehnung f; (stronger) Abweisung f, Zurückweisung f; (of suitor, advances) Abweisung f, Zurückweisung f; (of criticism, plea) Zurückweisung f; (of idea, possibility) Verwerfen nt
    3) (MED) (of drug) Ablehnung f; (of transplant) Abstoßung f; (of food by stomach) Verweigerung f
    * * *
    1. Ab-, Zurückweisung f, Verwerfung f
    2. WIRTSCH
    a) Abnahmeverweigerung f
    b) → reject B:
    rejection number Schlechtzahl f (bei Gütekontrolle)
    3. MED Abstoßung f
    * * *
    noun
    1) see reject 1. 1): Ablehnung, die; Abweisung, die; Zurückweisung, die
    2) (Med.) Abstoßung, die
    * * *
    n.
    Aussteuerung f.
    Rückweisung f.
    Unterdrückung f.

    English-german dictionary > rejection

  • 3 replace

    rə'pleis
    1) (to put, use etc (a person, thing etc), or to be put, used etc, in place of another: I must replace that broken lock; He replaced the cup he broke with a new one; Cars have replaced horses as the normal means of transport.) sustituir
    2) (to put (something) back where it was: Please replace the books on the shelves.) devolver a su sitio, volver a poner/colocar
    •
    - replacement
    1. devolver a su sitio
    2. reemplazar / cambiar / sustituir
    tr[rɪ'pleɪs]
    1 (put back) devolver a su sitio
    2 (substitute) reemplazar, sustituir; (change) cambiar
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    to replace the receiver colgar el teléfono
    replace [ri'pleɪs] vt, - placed ; - placing
    1) : volver a poner
    replace it in the drawer: vuelve a ponerlo en el cajón
    2) substitute: reemplazar, sustituir
    3) : reponer
    to replace the worn carpet: reponer la alfombra raída
    v.
    • cambiar v.
    • colocar nuevamente v.
    • devolver v.
    • empujar v.
    • reemplazar v.
    • relevar v.
    • remudar v.
    • reponer v.
    (§pres: -pongo, -pones...) pret: -pus-
    pp: -puesto
    fut/c: -pondr-•)
    • sustituir v.
    rɪ'pleɪs
    1)
    a) ( take the place of) sustituir*, reemplazar*
    b) ( provide replacement for) \<\<incompetent employee\>\> reemplazar*; \<\<damaged goods/lost item\>\> reponer*; \<\<broken window/battery\>\> cambiar
    2) ( put back in its place) \<\<book/ornament\>\> volver* a poner or colocar; \<\<lid\>\> volver* a poner; \<\<receiver/handset\>\> colgar*
    [rɪ'pleɪs]
    VT
    1) (=put back) volver a colocar
    2) (=get replacement for) [+ object] reponer; [+ person] sustituir, reemplazar

    we will replace the broken glasses — repondremos or pagaremos los vasos rotos

    they are not going to replace her when she leaves — cuando se vaya no van sustituirla or reemplazarla, no van a poner a nadie en su lugar cuando se vaya

    3) (=put in place of)

    to replace sb with sth/sb — sustituir a algn por algo/algn, reemplazar a algn por or con algo/algn

    many workers are being replaced by machines — están sustituyendo a muchos trabajadores por máquinas, están reemplazando a muchos trabajadores por or con máquinas

    4) (=take the place of) [+ thing] sustituir; [+ person] sustituir, reemplazar

    he replaced Evans as managing director — sustituyó or reemplazó a Evans en el puesto de director gerente

    5) (=change) cambiar
    * * *
    [rɪ'pleɪs]
    1)
    a) ( take the place of) sustituir*, reemplazar*
    b) ( provide replacement for) \<\<incompetent employee\>\> reemplazar*; \<\<damaged goods/lost item\>\> reponer*; \<\<broken window/battery\>\> cambiar
    2) ( put back in its place) \<\<book/ornament\>\> volver* a poner or colocar; \<\<lid\>\> volver* a poner; \<\<receiver/handset\>\> colgar*

    English-spanish dictionary > replace

  • 4 fly

    1. I
    a bird (an insect, a moth, an aeroplane, an airship, a spaceship, etc.) flies птица и т. д. летает; when man learnt to fly когда человек научился летать; when bullets fly когда свистят пули; how did you get here? fly I flew как Вы сюда добрались? fly Самолетом
    2)
    flags (banners, etc.) fly флаги и т. д. развеваются; with flags flying а) с реющими знаменами; б) победоносно
    3)
    coll. it is getting late, I must fly уже поздно, я должен бежать /лететь/; how time flies! как летит /мчится/ врёмя!
    2. II
    fly in some manner fly fast (high, low, far. downward. with great speed, etc.) летать быстро и т. д., they flew nonstop они летели без посадок, они совершили беспосадочный перелет; fly to some place fly home (south, east, etc.) лететь домой и т. д., sparks fly upward искры летят вверх
    3. III
    1) fly smth., smb. fly an airship (an aeroplane, a helicopter, a spaceship, etc.) веста /пилотировать/ самолет и т. д., he was the first man to fly that type of aircraft он первым летал на самолете такого типа; fly goods (passengers, etc.) перевозить самолетом /по воздуху товары и т.д., fly pigeons гонять голубей; fly a kite запускать змея
    2) fly smth. (past и past participle fled) fly the country бежать из страны; fly a peril спасаться бегством от опасности
    4. IV
    fly smb., smth. at some time how many passengers does this airline fly weekly? сколько пассажиров перевозит эта авиалиния за неделю?; he flies great distances every month он каждый месяц совершает большие перелеты
    5. XI
    be flown to some place 5000 passengers were flown to Paris в Париж перевезли /переправили/ по воздуху пять тысяч пассажиров; be flown by smb. they are to be flown by the Aeroflot from Moscow to Berlin Аэрофлот перевезет их /доставит их по воздуху/ из Москвы в Берлин
    6. XIII
    fly to do smth. fly to meet smb. (to greet them, etc.) спешить /мчаться, лететь/ навстречу кому-л. и т. д.
    7. XV
    fly to some state fly high летать высоко /на большой высоте/; fly low летать низко || fly open распахиваться, открываться; he pressed the knob and the lid flew open он нажал на кнопку, и крышка. сразу открылась
    8. XVI
    1) fly in /through/ (otter, from, etc.) smth. fly in /through/ the air летать по воздуху; fly over hills and fields (over the mountains, over a city, etc.) летать над горами и полями и т. д. fly to the south лететь на юг; fly across the sea (across the ocean, across the Atlantic, etc.) летать через море и т. д., fly across the country from coast to coast пролететь над всей страной от побережья до побережья: the airship flew to Paris самолет.летел в Париж; the ambassador flew from London to Paris посол летел из Лондона в Париж самолетом; the damaged aircraft was flying on only one engine поврежденный самолет летел только на одном моторе; insects fly to the flame насекомые летят на свет; fly at smth. fly at an altitude of 1000 metres летать на высоте в тысячу метров; fly at the speed of... лететь со скоростью...
    2) fly into (out of, from, to, over, etc.) smth. fly into a room влететь в комнату; fly out of the house броситься [вон] из дома; his remarks sent her flying from the room от его замечаний она нулей вылетела из комнаты; fly to smb.'s arms броситься в чьи-л. объятия; fly to their rescue (to the boy's help, etc.) броситься им на помощь и т. д., the ship was flying before the wind гонимый ветром корабль летел на всех парусах the train flew past the station поезд промчался мимо станции; he flew over the fence at a bound он одним прыжком перемахнул через забор; fly at smth. they flew at his approach при его приближении они бросились бежать; fly at smb., smth. ' at an enemy (at a stranger, at a tramp, at a burglar, at each other, etc.) набрасываться на врага и т. д., fly at smb.'s throat вцепиться кому-л. в глотку; she flew at me like a wild cat она кинулась на меня, как дикая кошка
    3) fly from smb., smth. fly from the pursuers (from the master, from smb.'s home, from the heat of the plains, from the cold of the north, from boredom, etc.) убегать /спасаться бегством/ от преследователей и т. д.; the thief was flying from justice вор бежал /скрывался/ oт правосудия; fly for smth. fly for refuge бежать в поисках убежища; you must fly for safety! чтобы спастись, ты должен бежать!
    4) fly over (on, from, in, etc.) smth. flags were flying all over the town no всему городу развевались флаги; flags were flying on /from/ every mast на всех мачтах реяли вымпелы; loose pieces of paper were flying in the air в воздухе носились /кружились/ обрывки бумаги; dust was flying in clouds пыль носилась тучами; her hair was flying in the wind ее волосы развевались на ветру
    5) fly into a state fly into a rage /into a fit, into a passion/ впадать в ярость, разразиться гневом; she flew into a temper она вспылила; she flew into raptures over the baby при виде ребенка ее охватил необычайный восторг
    9. XIX1
    fly like smth. fly like lightning лететь /пролетать/ стрелой
    10. XXI1
    1) fly smb., smth. to some place fly passengers (goods, etc.) to Paris самолетом /по воздуху/ перевозить /перебрасывать/ пассажиров и т. д. в Париж
    2) fly smth. from (over, on, etc.) smth. fly a flag from a building (on a mast, over the tower, etc.) вывешивать флаг на здании и т. д.

    English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > fly

  • 5 tear

    I [tɪə(r)]
    nome gener. pl. lacrima f.

    it brought tears to her eyes, it moved her to tears le fece venire le lacrime agli occhi; there were tears in his eyes — aveva le lacrime agli occhi

    ••

    to end in tears — [ game] finire in lacrime; [campaign, experiment] finire male

    II [teə(r)]
    1) (from strain) strappo m. (in in); (on nail, hook) rottura f. (in di)
    2) med. lacerazione f.
    III 1. [teə(r)]
    verbo transitivo (pass. tore; p.pass. torn)
    1) (rip) strappare [garment, paper] (on contro); dilaniare, lacerare [ prey]

    to tear sth. from o out of strappare qcs. da [ notepad]; to tear a hole in sth. fare uno strappo o un buco in qcs.; to tear [sth.] to pieces o bits o shreds strappare [ fabric]; demolire [ object]; fig. demolire [proposal, film]; to tear sb. to pieces fig. fare a pezzi o distruggere qcn.; to tear one's hair (out) strapparsi i capelli (anche fig.); to tear a muscle — strapparsi un muscolo

    2) (remove by force) strappare ( from, off da)

    to be torn between — essere combattuto tra [options, persons]

    2.
    verbo intransitivo (pass. tore; p.pass. torn)
    1) (rip) strapparsi

    to tear into — fare un buco in [ cloth]

    to tear out, off, past — uscire, andarsene, passare di corsa

    to tear at — [ animal] dilaniare [ prey]; [ person] trascinare [ rubble]

    4) colloq. (criticize)

    to tear into — criticare duramente [person, film]

    •
    ••

    that's torn it! — BE colloq. ci mancava solo questa!

    * * *
    I [tiə] noun
    (a drop of liquid coming from the eye, as a result of emotion (especially sadness) or because something (eg smoke) has irritated it: tears of joy/laughter/rage.)
    - tearfully
    - tearfulness
    - tear gas
    - tear-stained
    - in tears     II 1. [teə] past tense - tore; verb
    1) ((sometimes with off etc) to make a split or hole in (something), intentionally or unintentionally, with a sudden or violent pulling action, or to remove (something) from its position by such an action or movement: He tore the photograph into pieces; You've torn a hole in your jacket; I tore the picture out of a magazine.)
    2) (to become torn: Newspapers tear easily.)
    3) (to rush: He tore along the road.)
    2. noun
    (a hole or split made by tearing: There's a tear in my dress.)
    - be torn between one thing and another
    - be torn between
    - tear oneself away
    - tear away
    - tear one's hair
    - tear up
    * * *
    tear (1) /tɛə(r)/
    n.
    1 lacerazione; rottura; squarcio; strappo; DIALOGO → - Damaged goods- There's a tear in the material down the side, c'è uno strappo nel tessuto su un fianco
    2 danno da usura; (med.) ferita lacera
    3 (fam.) scatto; spunto; corsa a precipizio
    ● tear notch, piccola tacca che agevola lo strappo ( negli involucri di plastica, ecc.) □ (fam.) to go full tear, andare a spron battuto; andare a razzo (fam.).
    ♦ tear (2) /tɪə(r)/
    n.
    1 lacrima, lagrima: The girl burst into tears, la ragazza è scoppiata in lacrime; to shed tears, versare (o stillare) lacrime; to weep bitter tears, piangere lacrime amare; in tears, in lacrime; piangente; piangendo; to move sb. to tears, far venire le lacrime agli occhi a q.; to reduce sb. to tears, ridurre q. in lacrime; fare piangere q.; to find sb. in tears, trovar q. in lacrime; to burst into tear, scoppiare in lacrime; to be close to tears, stare per piangere; to cry tears of joy, piangere lacrime di gioia; to dry one's tears, asciugarsi le lacrime; to fight back tears, trattenere le lacrime
    ● (mil.) tear bomb, bomba lacrimogena; candelotto □ (archeol.) tear bottle, vaso lacrimale; lacrimatoio □ (anat.) tear duct, condotto lacrimale □ (mil.) tear gas, gas lacrimogeno □ tear gland, ghiandola lacrimale □ tear-jerker, (fam.) romanzo (film, racconto, ecc.) strappalacrime □ tear-jerking, (fam.) strappalacrime □ a tear-stained face, un viso rigato di lacrime.
    ♦ (to) tear /tɛə(r)/
    (pass. tore, p. p. torn)
    A v. t.
    1 lacerare; stracciare; squarciare; rompere; strappare: to tear a piece of cloth in two, strappare in due un pezzo di stoffa; to tear st. to pieces, stracciare qc.; to tear asunder, fare a pezzi; stracciare; She tore her skirt on a thorn, uno spino le fece uno strappo nella gonna; DIALOGO → - Damaged goods- I'm sure we didn't tear the sofa delivering it, sono sicuro che non abbiamo strappato il divano nel trasportarlo; to tear a ligament, strapparsi un legamento; to tear one's skin, lacerarsi la pelle; to tear two pages out of an exercise-book, strappare due pagine da un quaderno
    2 ( anche fig.) dilaniare; straziare: The hunter was torn to pieces by a lion, il cacciatore è stato dilaniato (o fatto a pezzi) da un leone; a party torn by factions, un partito dilaniato dalle correnti (o dalle fazioni); He was torn by jealousy, era straziato (o tormentato) dalla gelosia
    B v. i.
    1 lacerarsi; stracciarsi; squarciarsi; rompersi; strapparsi: This cloth tears easily, questa stoffa si straccia facilmente
    2 (fam.) andare a tutta velocità; correre velocemente; precipitarsi: He tore into the room, si è precipitato nella stanza
    ● to tear a hole, fare un buco: The nail tore a hole in her dress, il chiodo le fece un buco nel vestito □ ( slang) to tear it, guastar tutto; sciupar tutto □ to tear st. in two, strappare qc. in due □ to tear open, aprire ( una lettera, un pacco, ecc.: strappando la busta o l'involucro) □ to tear to bits (o to shreds), spezzettare, sminuzzare; (fig.) fare a pezzi, stroncare, criticare violentemente □ (fam.) That's torn it!, è finita!; bell'affare!; siamo nei guai!
    * * *
    I [tɪə(r)]
    nome gener. pl. lacrima f.

    it brought tears to her eyes, it moved her to tears le fece venire le lacrime agli occhi; there were tears in his eyes — aveva le lacrime agli occhi

    ••

    to end in tears — [ game] finire in lacrime; [campaign, experiment] finire male

    II [teə(r)]
    1) (from strain) strappo m. (in in); (on nail, hook) rottura f. (in di)
    2) med. lacerazione f.
    III 1. [teə(r)]
    verbo transitivo (pass. tore; p.pass. torn)
    1) (rip) strappare [garment, paper] (on contro); dilaniare, lacerare [ prey]

    to tear sth. from o out of strappare qcs. da [ notepad]; to tear a hole in sth. fare uno strappo o un buco in qcs.; to tear [sth.] to pieces o bits o shreds strappare [ fabric]; demolire [ object]; fig. demolire [proposal, film]; to tear sb. to pieces fig. fare a pezzi o distruggere qcn.; to tear one's hair (out) strapparsi i capelli (anche fig.); to tear a muscle — strapparsi un muscolo

    2) (remove by force) strappare ( from, off da)

    to be torn between — essere combattuto tra [options, persons]

    2.
    verbo intransitivo (pass. tore; p.pass. torn)
    1) (rip) strapparsi

    to tear into — fare un buco in [ cloth]

    to tear out, off, past — uscire, andarsene, passare di corsa

    to tear at — [ animal] dilaniare [ prey]; [ person] trascinare [ rubble]

    4) colloq. (criticize)

    to tear into — criticare duramente [person, film]

    •
    ••

    that's torn it! — BE colloq. ci mancava solo questa!

    English-Italian dictionary > tear

  • 6 reject

    1. rə'‹ekt verb
    (to refuse to accept: She rejected his offer of help; He asked her to marry him, but she rejected him.) rechazar

    2. 'ri:‹ekt noun
    (something that is rejected because it is faulty etc.) artículo defectuoso
    reject vb rechazar
    tr[ (n) 'riːʤekt; (vb) rɪ'ʤekt]
    1 (thing) artículo defectuoso; (person) marginado,-a
    1 (gen) rechazar, no aceptar; (in law) desestimar
    reject [ri'ʤɛkt] vt
    : rechazar
    reject ['ri:.ʤɛkt] n
    : desecho m (cosa), persona f rechazada
    n.
    • artículo defectuoso s.m.
    • desecho s.m.
    v.
    • arrimar v.
    • arrinconar v.
    • denegar v.
    • desaprobar v.
    • descartar v.
    • desechar v.
    • echar v.
    • rechazar v.
    • recusar v.
    • repudiar v.
    • repulsar v.

    I rɪ'dʒekt
    transitive verb rechazar*

    II 'riːdʒekt
    a) ( flawed product) artículo m (or producto m etc) defectuoso
    b) ( person)

    a college/an army reject — una persona que fue rechazada por la universidad/el ejército

    [rɪ'dʒekt]
    1. VT
    1) (=refuse, turn down) [+ application] (for job) rechazar; (for asylum, citizenship) denegar, rechazar; [+ candidate, offer, manuscript, sb's advances] rechazar; [+ bad coin, damaged goods] rechazar, no aceptar; [+ plea] ignorar, hacer caso omiso de
    2) (=dismiss) [+ suggestion, possibility, solution] descartar, rechazar; [+ motion, plan, proposal] rechazar; [+ argument] rechazar, no aceptar; [+ accusation] negar

    she rejected accusations that... — negó las acusaciones de que...

    3) (=disown) [+ person] rechazar

    to feel rejected — (emotionally) sentirse rechazado; (socially) sentirse marginado, sentirse rechazado

    4) (Med) [+ food, tissue, new organ] [body] rechazar
    2. ['riːdʒekt]
    N
    1) (=person)
    2) (=unwanted thing) desecho m
    3) (Comm) (=product) artículo m defectuoso
    3.
    ['riːdʒekt]
    CPD (Comm, Ind) [goods] defectuoso

    reject shop N — tienda f de objetos con tara

    * * *

    I [rɪ'dʒekt]
    transitive verb rechazar*

    II ['riːdʒekt]
    a) ( flawed product) artículo m (or producto m etc) defectuoso
    b) ( person)

    a college/an army reject — una persona que fue rechazada por la universidad/el ejército

    English-spanish dictionary > reject

  • 7 fire

    1. noun
    1) (anything that is burning, whether accidentally or not: a warm fire in the kitchen; Several houses were destroyed in a fire.) fuego
    2) (an apparatus for heating: a gas fire; an electric fire.) estufa
    3) (the heat and light produced by burning: Fire is one of man's greatest benefits.) fuego
    4) (enthusiasm: with fire in his heart.) ardor, pasión
    5) (attack by gunfire: The soldiers were under fire.) fuego

    2. verb
    1) ((of china, pottery etc) to heat in an oven, or kiln, in order to harden and strengthen: The ceramic pots must be fired.) cocer
    2) (to make (someone) enthusiastic; to inspire: The story fired his imagination.) enardecer, excitar
    3) (to operate (a gun etc) by discharging a bullet etc from it: He fired his revolver three times.) disparar
    4) (to send out or discharge (a bullet etc) from a gun etc: He fired three bullets at the target.) disparar
    5) ((often with at or on) to aim and operate a gun at; to shoot at: They suddenly fired on us; She fired at the target.) disparar
    6) (to send away someone from his/her job; to dismiss: He was fired from his last job for being late.) despedir
    •
    - firearm
    - fire-brigade
    - fire-cracker
    - fire-engine
    - fire-escape
    - fire-extinguisher
    - fire-guard
    - fireman
    - fireplace
    - fireproof
    - fireside
    - fire-station
    - firewood
    - firework
    - firing-squad
    - catch fire
    - on fire
    - open fire
    - play with fire
    - set fire to something / set something on fire
    - set fire to / set something on fire
    - set fire to something / set on fire
    - set fire to / set on fire
    - under fire
    fire1 n
    1. fuego / incendio
    2. fuego
    3. estufa
    to be on fire estar en llamas / estar ardiendo
    fire2 vb disparar
    tr['faɪəSMALLr/SMALL]
    1 (gen) fuego
    2 (blaze) incendio, fuego
    3 (heater) estufa
    4 SMALLMILITARY/SMALL fuego
    1 (weapon) disparar; (rocket) lanzar
    2 (questions etc) disparar, bombardear
    3 (pottery) cocer
    4 figurative use (stimulate) inflamar, enardecer, excitar, exaltar
    5 familiar (dismiss) despedir
    1 (shoot) disparar (at, sobre), hacer fuego
    2 SMALLAUTOMOBILES/SMALL encenderse
    1 ¡fuego!
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    fire away! ¡va! ¡adelante!
    to be on fire estar ardiendo, estar en llamas
    to be under fire ser atacado,-a
    to catch fire incendiarse, encenderse
    to open fire abrir fuego
    to play with fire jugar con fuego
    to set fire to something / set something on fire prender fuego a algo, incendiar algo
    fire alarm alarma de incendios
    fire brigade cuerpo de bomberos, los bomberos nombre masculino plural
    fire drill simulacro de incendio
    fire engine camión nombre masculino de bomberos
    fire escape escalera de incendios
    fire exit salida de emergencia
    fire hydrant boca de incendio
    fire raiser incendiario,-a
    fire station parque nombre masculino de bomberos
    fire ['faɪr] vt, fired ; firing
    1) ignite, kindle: encender
    2) enliven: animar, avivar
    3) dismiss: despedir
    4) shoot: disparar
    5) bake: cocer (cerámica)
    fire n
    1) : fuego m
    2) burning: incendio m
    fire alarm: alarma contra incendios
    to be on fire: estar en llamas
    3) enthusiasm: ardor m, entusiasmo m
    4) shooting: disparos mpl, fuego m
    n.
    • candela s.f.
    • fogosidad s.f.
    • fuego s.m.
    • genio s.m.
    • hervor s.m.
    • incendio s.m.
    • lumbre s.f.
    • paleta s.f.
    • quema s.f.
    • sangre s.m.
    v.
    • asestar v.
    • calentar v.
    • descargar v.
    • disparar v.
    • incendiar v.
    • tirar v.
    faɪr, 'faɪə(r)
    I
    1)
    a) u ( flames) fuego m

    to be on fire — estar* en llamas, estar* ardiendo

    to set something on fire o to set fire to something — prenderle fuego a algo

    to catch fire — prender fuego; \<\<twigs\>\> prender

    fire and brimstone — el fuego eterno, los tormentos del infierno

    to fight fire with fire — pagar* con la misma moneda

    to play with fire — jugar* con fuego

    to set the world on fire — comerse el mundo

    b) c ( outdoors) hoguera f, fogata f

    wood fire — fuego m de leña

    c) c ( in hearth) fuego m, lumbre f (liter)
    2) c ( blaze which destroys a building) incendio m; (as interj)

    fire! — fuego!; (before n)

    fire curtain — telón m contra incendios

    3) c ( heater) (BrE) estufa f, calentador m
    4) u ( of guns) fuego m

    to open fire on somebody/something — abrir* fuego sobre alguien/algo

    to come under fire — \<\<troops\>\> entrar en la línea de fuego; \<\<politician\>\> ser* el blanco de las críticas


    II
    1.
    1)
    a) \<\<gun/shot\>\> disparar; \<\<rocket\>\> lanzar*
    b) ( direct)

    to fire questions at somebody — hacerle* or lanzarle* preguntas a alguien

    2) ( dismiss) (colloq) echar, despedir*

    she was fired — la echaron, la despidieron

    3) ( stimulate) \<\<imagination\>\> avivar
    4) \<\<pottery\>\> cocer*

    2.
    vi ( shoot) disparar, hacer* fuego

    to fire AT somebody/something — disparar contra alguien/algo, dispararle a alguien/algo

    ready, aim o (BrE) take aim, fire! — apunten fuego!

    Phrasal Verbs:
    [faɪǝ(r)]
    1. N
    1) (=flames) fuego m

    • fire and brimstone — el fuego eterno

    • to catch fire — [curtains, furniture] prender fuego; [house] incendiarse; [engine, car] empezar a arder

    • fire damaged goods — mercancías fpl dañadas por el fuego

    • to be on fire — (lit) estar ardiendo; (fig) (with passion, pain) arder

    • to set fire to sth, set sth on fire — prender fuego a algo

    to set o.s. on fire — prenderse fuego

    - fight fire with fire
    - play with fire
    - set the world on fire
    - go or come through fire and water to do sth
    smoke 1., 1)
    2) (in grate) fuego m, lumbre f

    • to lay or make up a fire — preparar el fuego or la lumbre

    • to light a fire — encender un fuego or una lumbre

    3) (=bonfire) hoguera f, fogata f

    • to make a fire — hacer una hoguera or una fogata

    4) (=fireplace) lumbre f, chimenea f
    5) (accidental) incendio m

    • to be insured against fire — estar asegurado contra incendios

    • bush fire — incendio m de monte

    • forest fire — incendio m forestal

    6) (=heater) estufa f

    • electric/ gas fire — estufa f eléctrica/de gas

    7) (Mil) fuego m

    • to draw sb's fire — distraer a algn (disparando a algo que no es el objetivo real)

    to draw fire — (fig) provocar críticas

    • to exchange fire (with sb) — tirotearse (con algn)

    • to hold (one's) fire — (lit) no disparar; (fig) esperar

    • to open fire (on sth/sb) — abrir fuego (sobre algo/algn)

    • to return (sb's) fire — responder a los disparos (de algn); [troops] responder al fuego enemigo

    • to be/come under fire — (lit) estar/caer bajo fuego enemigo; (fig) ser atacado

    to hang fire —

    banks and building societies were hanging fire on interest rates — los bancos y las sociedades de préstamos hipotecarios dejaron en suspenso los tipos de interés

    line I, 1., 11)
    8) (=passion) ardor m
    - have fire in one's belly
    2. VT
    1) (=shoot) [+ gun] disparar; [+ missile, arrow] disparar, lanzar; [+ rocket] lanzar; [+ shot] efectuar

    • to fire a gun at sb — disparar contra algn

    • he fired a question at her — le lanzó una pregunta

    • to fire a salute — tirar una salva

    2) (=operate)

    gas/oil fired central heating — calefacción f central a or de gas/de petróleo

    3) (=set fire to) [+ property, building] incendiar, prender fuego a
    4) * (=dismiss) echar (a la calle), despedir

    you're fired! — ¡queda usted despedido!

    5) (in kiln) [+ pottery] cocer
    6) (=stimulate) [+ imagination] estimular

    fired with enthusiasm/determination, the crowd... — impulsados por el entusiasmo/por la determinación, la multitud...

    3. VI
    1) (Mil) disparar (at a, contra) (on sobre)

    ready, aim, fire! — ¡atención, apunten, fuego!

    2) (Aut) [engine] encenderse, prender (LAm)
    3) * (=dismiss)
    see hire 2.
    4.
    CPD

    fire alarm N — alarma f contra or de incendios

    fire blanket N — manta f ignífuga

    fire brigade, fire department (US) N — cuerpo m de bomberos

    fire chief N — (US) jefe(-a) m / f de bomberos

    fire crew N — equipo m de bomberos

    fire curtain N — telón m contra incendios

    fire damage N — daños mpl del incendio

    fire department N (US) — = fire brigade

    fire dog N — morillo m

    fire door N — puerta f contra incendios

    fire drill N — simulacro m de incendio

    fire engine N — coche m de bomberos

    fire escape N — escalera f de incendios

    fire exit N — salida f de incendios

    fire hose N — manguera f contra incendios, manguera f de incendios

    fire hydrant N — boca f de incendios

    fire insurance N — seguro m contra incendios

    fire irons NPL — utensilios mpl para la chimenea

    fire master N — (Scot) jefe m de bomberos

    fire practice N — = fire drill

    fire prevention N — prevención f de incendios

    fire regulations NPL — normas fpl para la prevención de incendios

    fire risk N — = fire hazard

    fire sale N — venta f de liquidación por incendio

    fire screen N — pantalla f de chimenea

    fire service N — = fire brigade

    fire station N — estación f or (Sp) parque m de bomberos

    fire tender N — (US) coche m de bomberos

    fire tower N — (US) torre f de vigilancia contra incendios

    fire trap N — edificio muy peligroso en caso de incendio

    fire truck N — (US) coche m de bomberos

    fire warden N — (US) persona encargada de la lucha contra incendios

    * * *
    [faɪr, 'faɪə(r)]
    I
    1)
    a) u ( flames) fuego m

    to be on fire — estar* en llamas, estar* ardiendo

    to set something on fire o to set fire to something — prenderle fuego a algo

    to catch fire — prender fuego; \<\<twigs\>\> prender

    fire and brimstone — el fuego eterno, los tormentos del infierno

    to fight fire with fire — pagar* con la misma moneda

    to play with fire — jugar* con fuego

    to set the world on fire — comerse el mundo

    b) c ( outdoors) hoguera f, fogata f

    wood fire — fuego m de leña

    c) c ( in hearth) fuego m, lumbre f (liter)
    2) c ( blaze which destroys a building) incendio m; (as interj)

    fire! — fuego!; (before n)

    fire curtain — telón m contra incendios

    3) c ( heater) (BrE) estufa f, calentador m
    4) u ( of guns) fuego m

    to open fire on somebody/something — abrir* fuego sobre alguien/algo

    to come under fire — \<\<troops\>\> entrar en la línea de fuego; \<\<politician\>\> ser* el blanco de las críticas


    II
    1.
    1)
    a) \<\<gun/shot\>\> disparar; \<\<rocket\>\> lanzar*
    b) ( direct)

    to fire questions at somebody — hacerle* or lanzarle* preguntas a alguien

    2) ( dismiss) (colloq) echar, despedir*

    she was fired — la echaron, la despidieron

    3) ( stimulate) \<\<imagination\>\> avivar
    4) \<\<pottery\>\> cocer*

    2.
    vi ( shoot) disparar, hacer* fuego

    to fire AT somebody/something — disparar contra alguien/algo, dispararle a alguien/algo

    ready, aim o (BrE) take aim, fire! — apunten fuego!

    Phrasal Verbs:

    English-spanish dictionary > fire

  • 8 damage

    1. III
    damage smth. damage the goods (smb.'s luggage, a sweater, a hat, a coat, etc.) испортить товары и т. д.; damage a car (a watch, a machine. etc.) сломать автомобиль и т. д., damage smb.'s property (the crops, etc.) наносить ущерб /урон/ чьей-л. собственности и т. д.; the frost (the fire, the floods, etc.) damaged our garden наш сад пострадал от мороза и т. д.; the damp damaged the picture картина отсырела; damage smb.'s reputation а) испортить / погубить/ чью-л. репутацию: б) очернить кого-л.; damage smb.'s good name дискредитировать кого-л.; damage smb.'s position подорвать чье-л. положение; damage smb.'s prospects ухудшить чьи-л. виды на будущее
    2. XI
    be (get) damaged in some manner be (get) badly (seriously, considerably, partly, etc.) damaged сильно и т. д. пострадать; be totally damage быть окончательно испорченным /загубленным/; be (get) damaged somewhere the fruit was damaged on the way (in transit) фрукты испортились в пути (при перевозке); be (get) damaged by smth. be (get) damaged by fire (by sea-water, by the frost, etc.) испортиться /пострадать/ от пожара /от огня/ и т. д., be damaged in smth. the car was badly damaged in the accident машина сильно пострадала во время аварии
    3. XII
    get smth. damaged they got the car badly damaged они сильно повредили машину

    English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > damage

  • 9 damage

    I 1. ['dæmɪdʒ]
    nome U
    1) (to goods, environment) danno m., danni m.pl. (to a; from causato da)

    storm, water damage — danni causati da intemperie, dall'acqua

    damage to property — dir. danno patrimoniale

    2) med. danno m., lesione f.

    to cause damage to — danneggiare [health, part of body]

    3) fig.

    to do damage to — nuocere a [ cause]; minare [ self-confidence]; rovinare, compromettere [ reputation]

    it's too late, the damage is done — troppo tardi, il danno è fatto

    2.
    nome plurale damages dir. danni m., risarcimento m.sing. (dei) danni, indennizzo m.sing.
    II ['dæmɪdʒ]
    1) danneggiare, provocare danni a [goods, environment, part of body]
    2) fig. rovinare, compromettere [reputation, relationship]; minare [ confidence]
    * * *
    ['dæmi‹] 1. noun
    1) (injury or hurt, especially to a thing: The storm did/caused a lot of damage; She suffered brain-damage as a result of the accident.) danno
    2) ((in plural) payment for loss or injury suffered: The court awarded him $5,000 damages.) risarcimento dei danni
    2. verb
    (to make less effective or less usable etc; to spoil: The bomb damaged several buildings; The book was damaged in the post.) danneggiare
    * * *
    I 1. ['dæmɪdʒ]
    nome U
    1) (to goods, environment) danno m., danni m.pl. (to a; from causato da)

    storm, water damage — danni causati da intemperie, dall'acqua

    damage to property — dir. danno patrimoniale

    2) med. danno m., lesione f.

    to cause damage to — danneggiare [health, part of body]

    3) fig.

    to do damage to — nuocere a [ cause]; minare [ self-confidence]; rovinare, compromettere [ reputation]

    it's too late, the damage is done — troppo tardi, il danno è fatto

    2.
    nome plurale damages dir. danni m., risarcimento m.sing. (dei) danni, indennizzo m.sing.
    II ['dæmɪdʒ]
    1) danneggiare, provocare danni a [goods, environment, part of body]
    2) fig. rovinare, compromettere [reputation, relationship]; minare [ confidence]

    English-Italian dictionary > damage

  • 10 transit

    'trænsit
    (the carrying or movement of goods, passengers etc from place to place: The goods have been lost in transit.) tránsito, paso, viaje
    tr['trænsɪt]
    1 tránsito, paso
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    in transit en tránsito, en el viaje
    transit camp campamento provisional
    transit lounge sala de tránsito
    transit van furgoneta
    transit visa visado de tránsito
    transit ['træntsɪt, 'trænzɪt] n
    1) passage: pasaje m, tránsito m
    in transit: en tránsito
    2) transportation: transporte m (público)
    3) : teodolito m (instrumento topográfico)
    n.
    • trámite s.m.
    • tránsito s.m.
    'trænsət, -zət, 'trænzɪt, -sɪt
    a) u ( passage) tránsito m

    passengers in transit — pasajeros mpl en or de tránsito

    it was damaged/lost in transit — se dañó/se perdió en el viaje; (before n)

    transit camp — campamento temporal para soldados, prisioneros, refugiados etc

    b) u (AmE Transp) transporte m; (before n)

    transit police — policía f de tráfico or tránsito

    transit system — sistema m de transporte(s)

    ['trænzɪt]
    1.
    2.
    CPD

    transit camp N — campo m de tránsito

    transit lounge N — (Brit) sala f de tránsito

    transit system N — (US) transportes fpl

    transit visa N — visado m or (LAm) visa f de tránsito

    * * *
    ['trænsət, -zət, 'trænzɪt, -sɪt]
    a) u ( passage) tránsito m

    passengers in transit — pasajeros mpl en or de tránsito

    it was damaged/lost in transit — se dañó/se perdió en el viaje; (before n)

    transit camp — campamento temporal para soldados, prisioneros, refugiados etc

    b) u (AmE Transp) transporte m; (before n)

    transit police — policía f de tráfico or tránsito

    transit system — sistema m de transporte(s)

    English-spanish dictionary > transit

  • 11 transit

    noun
    1)

    passengers in transit — Transitreisende; Durchreisende

    2) (conveyance) Transport, der

    goods in transit from London to Hull — Waren auf dem Transport von London nach Hull

    * * *
    ['trænsit]
    (the carrying or movement of goods, passengers etc from place to place: The goods have been lost in transit.) der Transport
    * * *
    tran·sit
    [ˈtræn(t)sɪt]
    I. n
    1. no pl of people, goods Transit m
    2. (crossing) Transit m
    3. AM (public transport) öffentliches Verkehrswesen
    mass \transit öffentlicher Nahverkehr
    4. ASTRON of planet, moon etc. Durchgang m
    II. vt
    to \transit a canal/ocean/territory einen Kanal/Ozean/ein Gebiet durchqueren
    * * *
    ['trnzɪt]
    n
    Durchfahrt f, Transit m; (of goods) Transport m

    the books were damaged in transit — die Bücher wurden auf dem Transport beschädigt

    goods in transit for New York — Güter pl für den Weitertransport nach New York

    * * *
    transit [ˈtrænsıt; -zıt]
    A s
    1. Durch-, Überfahrt f:
    transit of persons Personenverkehr m
    2. a) Durchgang m ( auch ASTRON)
    b) Durchgangsstraße f
    c) Verkehrsweg m
    3. WIRTSCH Transit m, Durchfuhr f, Transport m (von Waren):
    in transit unterwegs, auf dem Transport
    4. Durchgangs-, Transitverkehr m: → academic.ru/60264/rapid">rapid A 1
    5. fig Übergang m (from … to von … zu; into in akk)
    B adj
    1. auch ASTRON, ELEK Durchgangs…:
    transit circle ASTRON Meridiankreis m;
    transit lounge FLUG Transithalle f, -raum m;
    transit traffic → A 4;
    transit visa Transitvisum n
    2. WIRTSCH Transit…, Durchgangs…:
    transit duty Durchfuhrzoll m
    C v/t durch-, überqueren, auch ASTRON gehen durch, passieren
    * * *
    noun
    1)

    passengers in transit — Transitreisende; Durchreisende

    2) (conveyance) Transport, der
    * * *
    n.
    Durchgang m.
    Durchreise f.
    Übergang -¨e m.

    English-german dictionary > transit

  • 12 claim

    [kleim] 1. verb
    1) (to say that something is a fact: He claims to be the best runner in the class.) påstå; hævde
    2) (to demand as a right: You must claim your money back if the goods are damaged.) kræve; forlange; gøre krav på
    3) (to state that one is the owner of: Does anyone claim this book?) gøre krav på
    2. noun
    1) (a statement (that something is a fact): Her claim that she was the millionaire's daughter was disproved.) påstand
    2) ((a demand for) a payment of compensation etc: a claim for damages against her employer.) krav
    3) (a demand for something which (one says) one owns or has a right to: a rightful claim to the money.) krav
    •
    * * *
    [kleim] 1. verb
    1) (to say that something is a fact: He claims to be the best runner in the class.) påstå; hævde
    2) (to demand as a right: You must claim your money back if the goods are damaged.) kræve; forlange; gøre krav på
    3) (to state that one is the owner of: Does anyone claim this book?) gøre krav på
    2. noun
    1) (a statement (that something is a fact): Her claim that she was the millionaire's daughter was disproved.) påstand
    2) ((a demand for) a payment of compensation etc: a claim for damages against her employer.) krav
    3) (a demand for something which (one says) one owns or has a right to: a rightful claim to the money.) krav
    •

    English-Danish dictionary > claim

  • 13 out

    1.
    [aʊt]adverb
    1) (away from place)

    out here/there — hier/da draußen

    ‘Out’ — ‘Ausfahrt’/‘Ausgang’ od. ‘Aus’

    go out shopping — etc. einkaufen usw. gehen

    be out — (not at home, not in one's office, etc.) nicht da sein

    she was/stayed out all night — sie war/blieb eine/die ganze Nacht weg

    have a day out in London/at the beach — einen Tag in London/am Strand verbringen

    would you come out with me? — würdest du mit mir ausgehen?

    the journey out — die Hinfahrt

    he is out in Africa — er ist in Afrika

    2)

    be out — (asleep) weg sein (ugs.); (drunk) hinüber sein (ugs.); (unconscious) bewusstlos sein; (Boxing) aus sein

    3) (no longer burning) aus[gegangen]

    be 3% out in one's calculations — sich um 3% verrechnet haben

    you're a long way out — du hast dich gewaltig geirrt

    this is £5 out — das stimmt um 5 Pfund nicht

    5) (not in fashion) passee (ugs.); out (ugs.)
    6) (so as to be seen or heard) heraus; raus (ugs.)

    out with it! — heraus od. (ugs.) raus damit od. mit der Sprache!

    [the] truth will out — die Wahrheit wird herauskommen

    the sun/moon is out — die Sonne/der Mond scheint

    7)

    be out for something/to do something — auf etwas (Akk.) aus sein/darauf aus sein, etwas zu tun

    be out for all one can get — alles haben wollen, was man bekommen kann

    8) (to or at an end)

    he had it finished before the day/month was out — er war noch am selben Tag/vor Ende des Monats damit fertig

    please hear me out — lass mich bitte ausreden

    9)

    an out and out disgrace — eine ungeheure Schande. See also academic.ru/89686/out_of">out of

    2. noun
    (way of escape) Ausweg, der (fig.); (excuse) Alibi, das
    * * *
    (to allow to come in, go out: Let me in!; I let the dog out.) herein-, herauslassen
    * * *
    [aʊt]
    1. inv, pred
    ▪ to be \out (absent) abwesend [o nicht da] [o fam weg] sein; (on strike) sich akk im Ausstand befinden BRD, ÖSTERR; (demonstrating) auf die Straße gehen; (for consultation) jury sich akk zurückgezogen haben; borrowed from the library entliehen sein
    2. inv, pred (outside)
    ▪ to be \out [somewhere] [irgendwo] draußen sein; sun, moon, stars am Himmel stehen; prisoner [wieder] draußen sein fam
    everyone was \out on deck alle waren [draußen] an Deck
    3. inv, pred (on the move)
    ▪ to be \out unterwegs sein; army ausgerückt sein
    to be \out on one's rounds seine Runde machen
    to be \out and about unterwegs sein; (after an illness) wieder auf den Beinen sein
    4. inv, pred (in blossom)
    ▪ to be \out blühen; tree also in Blüte stehen
    5. inv, pred (available)
    ▪ to be \out erhältlich [o zu haben] sein; (on the market) auf dem Markt sein
    her novel has been \out for a over a year ihr Roman ist bereits vor über einem Jahr herausgekommen [o bereits seit über einem Jahr auf dem Markt]
    his new book will be \out in May sein neues Buch wird im Mai veröffentlicht [o kommt im Mai heraus
    6. inv, pred ( fam: existing)
    to be the best/worst... \out der/die/das beste/schlechteste... sein, den/die/das es zurzeit gibt
    he's the best footballer \out er ist der beste Fußballer, den es zurzeit gibt
    7. inv, pred (known)
    ▪ to be \out heraus [o fam raus] sein; secret gelüftet sein; news bekannt sein
    [the] truth will \out die Wahrheit wird ans Licht kommen
    8. inv, pred
    ▪ to be \out (asleep) schlafen; (unconscious) bewusstlos [o fam weg] sein
    to be \out cold bewusstlos sein
    to be \out for the count BOXING k.o. [o ausgezählt] sein; ( fig) total hinüber [o erledigt] [o SCHWEIZ durch] sein fam
    to be \out like a light ( fam) weg sein fam
    9. inv, pred (finished)
    ▪ to be \out aus [o zu Ende] [o vorbei] sein
    school will be \out in June die Schule endet im Juni
    before the month/year is \out vor Ende [o Ablauf] des Monats/Jahres
    10. inv, pred SPORT
    ▪ to be \out (not playing) nicht [mehr] im Spiel sein, draußen sein fam; (in cricket, baseball) aus sein; (outside a boundary) ball, player im Aus sein
    Johnson is \out on a foul Johnson wurde wegen eines Fouls vom Platz gestellt
    Owen is \out with an injury Owen ist mit einer Verletzung ausgeschieden
    11. inv, pred ( fam)
    ▪ to be \out (not in a competition, team) draußen sein fam; (out of power) nicht mehr an der Macht sein; (expelled, dismissed) [raus]fliegen fam
    I've had enough! you're \out! mir reicht's! sie fliegen [raus]!
    to be \out on the streets unemployed arbeitslos sein, auf der Straße stehen [o sitzen] fig fam; homeless obdachlos sein, auf der Straße leben
    12. inv, pred ( fam)
    ▪ to be \out (unacceptable) unmöglich sein fam; (unfashionable) aus der Mode sein, passé [o out] sein fam
    13. inv, pred (not possible)
    ▪ to be \out unmöglich sein
    that plan is absolutely \out dieser Plan kommt überhaupt nicht infrage
    14. inv, pred (off)
    ▪ to be \out light, TV aus sein; fire a. erloschen sein
    15. inv, pred (inaccurate)
    ▪ to be \out falsch [o fam daneben] sein, danebenliegen fam; watch falsch gehen
    our estimates were \out by a few dollars wir lagen mit unseren Schätzungen um ein paar Dollar daneben fam
    to be \out in one's calculations sich akk verrechnet haben, mit seinen Berechnungen danebenliegen fam
    16. inv, pred ( fam: in search of)
    ▪ to be \out for sth auf etw akk aus sein fam, es auf etw akk abgesehen haben
    he's just \out for a good time er will sich nur amüsieren
    to be \out for trouble Streit suchen
    ▪ to be \out to do sth es darauf abgesehen haben, etw zu tun
    they're \out to get me die sind hinter mir her fam
    17. inv, pred homosexual
    ▪ to be \out sich akk geoutet haben fam
    18. inv, pred tide
    the tide is \out es ist Ebbe
    when the tide is \out bei Ebbe
    19. inv, pred debutante
    ▪ to be \out in die Gesellschaft eingeführt sein
    II. ADVERB
    1. inv (not in sth) außen; (not in a room, flat) draußen; (outdoors) draußen, im Freien
    a day \out in the country ein Tag m auf dem Land
    “\out” „Ausgang“; (for vehicles) „Ausfahrt“
    “keep \out!” „betreten verboten!“
    to keep sb/sth \out jdn/etw nicht hereinlassen
    close the window to keep the rain/wind \out mach das Fenster zu, damit es nicht hereinregnet/zieht
    to keep the cold \out die Kälte abhalten
    \out here/there hier/da draußen
    2. inv (outwards) heraus, raus fam; (seen from inside) hinaus [o raus] fam; (facing the outside) nach außen, raus fam; of room, building a. nach draußen
    get \out! raus hier! fam
    can you find your way \out? finden Sie selbst hinaus?
    \out with it heraus damit! fam, [he]raus mit der Sprache! fam
    to bring/take sth \out [to the garden] etw [in den Garten] heraus-/hinausbringen
    to take sth \out [of an envelope] etw [aus einem Umschlag] herausholen
    to see sb \out jdn hinausbegleiten
    to turn sth inside \out etw umstülpen; clothes etw auf links drehen
    to ask sb \out [for a drink/meal] jdn [auf einen Drink/zum Essen] einladen
    he's asked her \out er hat sie gefragt, ob sie mit ihm ausgehen will
    to eat \out im Restaurant [o auswärts] essen
    to go \out ausgehen, weggehen
    4. inv (removed) heraus, raus fam; (extinguished) aus
    I can't get the stain \out ich kriege den Fleck nicht wieder raus fam
    to put a fire \out ein Feuer löschen
    to cross sth \out etw ausstreichen [o durchstreichen
    5. inv (fully, absolutely)
    burnt \out ( also fig) ausgebrannt a. fig; fuse durchgebrannt; candle heruntergebrannt
    tired \out völlig [o ganz] erschöpft
    \out and away AM bei Weitem, mit Abstand
    she is \out and away the best sie ist mit Abstand die Beste
    6. inv (aloud)
    she called \out to him to stop sie rief ihm zu, er solle anhalten
    to cry \out in pain vor Schmerzen aufschreien
    to laugh \out [loud] [laut] auflachen
    7. inv (to an end, finished)
    over and \out AVIAT Ende fachspr
    to die \out aussterben; ( fig) applause verebben
    to fight sth \out etw [untereinander] austragen [o ausfechten
    8. inv (out of prison)
    to come [or get] \out freikommen
    to let sb \out jdn freilassen
    to go \out like a light ( fam) sofort weg sein fam
    to knock sb \out jdn bewusstlos [o k.o.] schlagen
    to pass \out in Ohnmacht fallen
    10. inv (dislocated)
    to put sb's arm/shoulder \out jdm den Arm verrenken/die Schulter ausrenken
    to put one's back/shoulder \out sich dat den Rücken verrenken/die Schulter ausrenken
    the accident put her back \out sie verrenkte sich bei dem Unfall den Rücken
    11. inv (open)
    to open sth \out (unfold) etw auseinanderfalten; (spread out) etw ausbreiten; (extend) furniture etw ausziehen
    12. inv (outdated)
    to go \out aus der Mode kommen
    to have gone \out with the ark ( fam) völlig altmodisch [o BRD hum fam von anno Tobak] sein
    13. inv (time off)
    to take ten minutes \out eine Auszeit von zehn Minuten nehmen
    14. inv tide
    the tide is going \out die Ebbe setzt ein
    15. inv (at a distant place) draußen
    he lived \out in Zambia for ten years er lebte zehn Jahre lang in Sambia
    \out at sea auf See
    \out west im Westen; AM (west coast) an der Westküste
    \out here hier draußen
    16. inv (towards a distant place) in die Ferne geh, weit weg
    they went \out as missionaries in the 1920's sie zogen in den 20er Jahren als Missionare in die Ferne geh
    to go/travel \out to New Zealand nach [o ins ferne] Neuseeland gehen/reisen
    to move \out to the west coast [or AM \out west] an die Westküste ziehen
    ▪ to \out sb
    1. (eject) jdn rausschmeißen fam; SPORT jdn vom Platz stellen
    2. BOXING jdn k.o. schlagen
    3. homosexual jdn outen fam
    ( fam) aus + dat
    to run \out the door zur Tür hinausrennen
    to throw sth \out the car etw aus dem Auto werfen
    * * *
    [aʊt]
    1. adv
    1) (= not in container, car etc) außen; (= not in building, room) draußen; (indicating motion) (seen from inside) hinaus, raus (inf); (seen from outside) heraus, raus (inf)

    to be out — weg sein; (when visitors come) nicht da sein

    they are out fishing/shopping — sie sind zum Fischen/Einkaufen (gegangen), sie sind fischen/einkaufen

    it's cold out here/there — es ist kalt hier/da or dort draußen

    out! — raus (hier)! (inf)

    out it goes! — hinaus damit, raus damit (inf)

    we had a day out at the beach/in London — wir haben einen Tag am Meer/in London verbracht

    the journey out — die Hinreise; (seen from destination) die Herfahrt

    the tide is out —

    2)

    (indicating distance) when he was out in Persia — als er in Persien war

    to go out to China —

    Wilton Street? isn't that out your way? — Wilton Street? ist das nicht da (hinten) bei euch in der Gegend?

    the boat was ten miles out —

    five miles out from shore — fünf Meilen von der Küste weg, fünf Meilen vor der Küste

    3)

    to be out (sun) — (he)raus or draußen sein; (stars, moon) am Himmel stehen (geh), da sein; (flowers) blühen

    4)

    (= in existence) the worst newspaper/best car out — die schlechteste Zeitung, die/das beste Auto, das es zur Zeit gibt, die schlechteste Zeitung/das beste Auto überhaupt

    5)

    (= not in prison) to be out — draußen sein; (seen from outside also) (he)raus sein

    6)

    (= in the open, known) their secret was out —

    out with it! — heraus damit!, heraus mit der Sprache!

    7)

    (= to or at an end) before the day/month is/was out — vor Ende des Tages/Monats, noch am selben Tag/im selben Monat

    8) (light, fire) aus
    9) (= not in fashion) aus der Mode, passé, out (inf)
    10) (SPORT ball) aus; (player) aus(geschlagen), out
    11) (= out of the question, not permissible) ausgeschlossen, nicht drin (inf)
    12)

    (= worn out) the jacket is out at the elbows — die Jacke ist an den Ellbogen durch

    13)

    (indicating error) he was out in his calculations, his calculations were out — er lag mit seinen Berechnungen daneben (inf) or falsch, er hatte sich in seinen Berechnungen geirrt

    you're far or way out! — weit gefehlt! (geh), da hast du dich völlig vertan (inf)

    we were £5/20% out — wir hatten uns um £ 5/20% verrechnet or vertan (inf)

    that's £5/20% out —

    the post isn't quite vertical yet, it's still a bit out my clock is 20 minutes out — der Pfahl ist noch nicht ganz senkrecht, er ist noch etwas schief meine Uhr geht 20 Minuten falsch or verkehrt

    14)

    (indicating loudness, clearness) speak out (loud) — sprechen Sie laut/lauter

    15)

    (indicating purpose) to be out for sth — auf etw (acc) aus sein

    she was out to pass the exam — sie war ( fest) entschlossen, die Prüfung zu bestehen

    he's out for all he can get — er will haben, was er nur bekommen kann

    he's just out to make money —

    16)

    (= unconscious) to be out — bewusstlos or weg (inf) sein

    17) (dirt, stain etc) (he)raus
    18)

    out and away — weitaus, mit Abstand

    2. n
    1)
    See:
    → in
    2) (esp US inf = way out) Hintertür(chen nt) f
    3. prep
    aus (+dat)

    to go out the door/window —

    See:
    → also out of
    4. vt
    homosexual outen
    * * *
    out [aʊt]
    A adv
    a) hinaus(-gehen, -werfen etc)
    b) heraus(-kommen, -schauen etc)
    c) aus(-brechen, -pumpen, -sterben etc)
    d) aus(-probieren, -rüsten etc):
    voyage out Ausreise f;
    way out Ausgang m;
    on the way out beim Hinausgehen;
    have one’s tonsils out sich die Mandeln herausnehmen lassen;
    he had his tonsils out yesterday ihm wurden gestern die Mandeln herausgenommen;
    have a tooth out sich einen Zahn ziehen lassen;
    insure out and home WIRTSCH hin und zurück versichern;
    out with him! hinaus oder umg raus mit ihm!;
    out with it! hinaus oder heraus damit! ( → A 10);
    that’s out das kommt nicht infrage!;
    out of → C 4
    2. außen, draußen, fort:
    he is out er ist draußen;
    out and about (wieder) auf den Beinen;
    he is out for a walk er macht gerade einen Spaziergang
    3. nicht zu Hause:
    be out on business geschäftlich unterwegs oder verreist sein;
    we had an evening out wir sind am Abend ausgegangen
    4. von der Arbeit abwesend:
    be out on account of illness wegen Krankheit der Arbeit fernbleiben;
    a day out ein freier Tag
    5. im oder in den Streik:
    be out streiken; → go out 10
    6. a) ins Freie
    b) draußen, im Freien
    c) SCHIFF draußen, auf See
    d) MIL im Felde
    7. als Hausangestellte beschäftigt
    8. raus, (aus dem Gefängnis etc) entlassen:
    out on bail gegen Bürgschaft auf freiem Fuß
    9. heraus, veröffentlicht, an der oder an die Öffentlichkeit:
    (just) out (soeben) erschienen (Buch);
    it came out in June es kam im Juni heraus, es erschien im Juni;
    his first single will be out next week kommt nächste Woche auf den Markt;
    the girl is not yet out das Mädchen ist noch nicht in die Gesellschaft eingeführt (worden)
    10. heraus, ans Licht, zum Vorschein, entdeckt, -hüllt, -faltet:
    the chickens are out die Küken sind ausgeschlüpft;
    a) die Blumen sind heraus oder blühen,
    b) die Blüten sind entfaltet;
    the secret is out das Geheimnis ist enthüllt oder gelüftet (worden);
    out with it! heraus damit!, heraus mit der Sprache! ( → A 1)
    11. be out for es abgesehen haben auf (akk), aus sein auf (akk):
    be out for prey auf Raub aus sein
    12. be out for sth sich für etwas einsetzen oder erklären
    13. be out to do sth darauf aus sein oder darauf abzielen, etwas zu tun
    14. weit und breit, in der Welt (besonders zur Verstärkung des sup):
    out and away bei Weitem
    15. SPORT aus:
    a) nicht (mehr) im Spiel
    b) im Aus
    16. Boxen: k. o.:
    out on one’s feet
    a) stehend k. o.,
    b) fig schwer angeschlagen, erledigt (beide umg)
    17. POL draußen, raus, nicht (mehr) im Amt, nicht (mehr) am Ruder:
    18. aus der Mode, out:
    19. aus, vorüber, vorbei, zu Ende:
    school is out US die Schule ist aus;
    before the week is out vor Ende der Woche
    20. aus, erloschen:
    21. aus(gegangen), verbraucht, alle:
    22. aus der Übung:
    23. zu Ende, bis zum Ende, ganz:
    tired out vollständig erschöpft;
    out and out durch und durch, ganz und gar; → hear A 3, sit out A 1
    24. nicht an der richtigen Stelle oder im richtigen Zustand, z. B.
    a) verrenkt (Arm etc)
    b) geistesgestört, verrückt
    c) über die Ufer getreten (Fluss)
    25. löch(e)rig, zerrissen, durchgescheuert: → elbow A 1
    26. ärmer um:
    be $10 out
    27. a) verpachtet, vermietet
    b) verliehen, ausgeliehen (Geld, auch Buch):
    land out at rent verpachtetes Land;
    out at interest auf Zinsen ausgeliehen (Geld)
    28. unrichtig, im Irrtum (befangen):
    his calculations are out seine Berechnungen stimmen nicht;
    be (far) out sich (gewaltig) irren, (ganz) auf dem Holzweg sein fig
    29. entzweit, verkracht umg:
    be out with s.o
    30. verärgert, ärgerlich
    31. laut:
    laugh out laut (heraus)lachen;
    speak out!
    a) sprich lauter!,
    b) heraus damit!
    B adj
    1. Außen…:
    out islands entlegene oder abgelegene Inseln
    2. POL nicht (mehr) im Amt oder am Ruder (befindlich):
    out party Oppositionspartei f
    3. abgehend (Zug etc)
    C präp
    1. (heraus oder hervor) aus (obs außer nach from):
    from out the house aus dem Haus heraus
    2. aus, heraus oder hinaus aus oder zu:
    out the window zum Fenster hinaus, aus dem Fenster
    3. US umg
    a) hinaus
    b) draußen an (dat) oder in (dat):
    drive out Main Street die Hauptstraße (entlang) hinausfahren;
    live out Main Street (weiter) draußen an der Hauptstraße wohnen
    a) aus (… heraus):
    b) zu … hinaus:
    c) aus, von:
    two out of three Americans zwei von drei Amerikanern
    d) außerhalb, außer Reichweite, Sicht etc
    e) außer Atem, Übung etc:
    be out of sth etwas nicht (mehr) haben;
    we are out of oil uns ist das Öl ausgegangen, wir haben kein Öl mehr
    f) aus der Mode, Richtung etc:
    out of drawing verzeichnet;
    be out of it umg weg vom Fenster sein; → alignment 3, focus A 1, question A 4
    g) außerhalb (gen oder von):
    be out of it fig nicht dabei sein (dürfen);
    feel out of it sich ausgeschlossen fühlen; → door Bes Redew
    i) von, aus:
    get sth out of sb etwas von jemandem bekommen;
    he got more (pleasure) out of it er hatte mehr davon
    j) (hergestellt) aus:
    k) fig aus Bosheit, Furcht, Mitleid etc
    l) ZOOL abstammend von, aus einer Stute etc
    D int
    1. hinaus!, raus!:
    out with → A 1, A 10
    2. out (up)on obs pfui oder Schande über (akk):
    out upon you!
    E s
    1. US Außenseite f: → in D 2
    2. besonders US Ausweg m (auch fig)
    3. Tennis etc: Ausball m
    4. the outs pl POL die Opposition, die nicht regierende Partei
    5. pl US Streit m:
    at outs ( oder on the outs) with im Streit mit, auf gespanntem Fuße mit
    6. US umg
    a) schlechte etc Leistung
    b) Schönheitsfehler m
    7. TYPO Auslassung f, Leiche f
    8. pl WIRTSCH US ausgegangene Bestände pl oder Waren pl
    F v/t
    1. hinauswerfen, verjagen
    2. umg outen, als schwul bloßstellen
    G v/i ans Licht oder zum Vorschein kommen: → murder A
    * * *
    1.
    [aʊt]adverb

    out here/there — hier/da draußen

    ‘Out’ — ‘Ausfahrt’/‘Ausgang’ od. ‘Aus’

    go out shopping — etc. einkaufen usw. gehen

    be out — (not at home, not in one's office, etc.) nicht da sein

    she was/stayed out all night — sie war/blieb eine/die ganze Nacht weg

    have a day out in London/at the beach — einen Tag in London/am Strand verbringen

    2)

    be out — (asleep) weg sein (ugs.); (drunk) hinüber sein (ugs.); (unconscious) bewusstlos sein; (Boxing) aus sein

    3) (no longer burning) aus[gegangen]

    be 3% out in one's calculations — sich um 3% verrechnet haben

    this is £5 out — das stimmt um 5 Pfund nicht

    5) (not in fashion) passee (ugs.); out (ugs.)
    6) (so as to be seen or heard) heraus; raus (ugs.)

    out with it! — heraus od. (ugs.) raus damit od. mit der Sprache!

    [the] truth will out — die Wahrheit wird herauskommen

    the sun/moon is out — die Sonne/der Mond scheint

    7)

    be out for something/to do something — auf etwas (Akk.) aus sein/darauf aus sein, etwas zu tun

    be out for all one can get — alles haben wollen, was man bekommen kann

    he had it finished before the day/month was out — er war noch am selben Tag/vor Ende des Monats damit fertig

    9)

    an out and out disgrace — eine ungeheure Schande. See also out of

    2. noun
    (way of escape) Ausweg, der (fig.); (excuse) Alibi, das
    * * *
    adj.
    außerhalb adj.
    heraus adj.
    hinaus adj. adv.
    aus adv.
    auswärts adv.

    English-german dictionary > out

  • 14 claim

    1. transitive verb
    1) (demand as one's due property) Anspruch erheben auf (+ Akk.), beanspruchen [Thron, Gebiete]; fordern [Lohnerhöhung, Schadenersatz]; beantragen [Arbeitslosenunterstützung, Sozialhilfe usw.]; abholen [Fundsache]

    claim one's luggage — sein Gepäck [ab]holen

    2) (represent oneself as having) für sich beanspruchen, in Anspruch nehmen [Sieg]
    3) (profess, contend) behaupten
    4) (result in loss of) fordern [Opfer, Menschenleben]
    2. intransitive verb
    1) (Insurance) Ansprüche geltend machen
    2) (for costs)

    claim for damages/expenses — Schadenersatz fordern/sich (Dat.) Auslagen rückerstatten lassen

    3. noun
    1) Anspruch, der (to auf + Akk.)

    lay claim to something — auf etwas (Akk.) Anspruch erheben

    3) (pay claim) Forderung, die ( for nach)
    4)

    claim [for expenses] — Spesenabrechnung, die ( for über + Akk.)

    claim for damages — Schadenersatzforderung, die

    5)

    stake a claim to something — (fig.) ein Anrecht auf etwas (Akk.) anmelden

    Phrasal Verbs:
    - academic.ru/85370/claim_back">claim back
    * * *
    [kleim] 1. verb
    1) (to say that something is a fact: He claims to be the best runner in the class.) behaupten
    2) (to demand as a right: You must claim your money back if the goods are damaged.) fordern
    3) (to state that one is the owner of: Does anyone claim this book?) beanspruchen
    2. noun
    1) (a statement (that something is a fact): Her claim that she was the millionaire's daughter was disproved.) die Behauptung
    2) ((a demand for) a payment of compensation etc: a claim for damages against her employer.) die (Zahlungs-)Forderung
    3) (a demand for something which (one says) one owns or has a right to: a rightful claim to the money.) der Anspruch
    •
    * * *
    [kleɪm]
    I. n
    1. (assertion) Behauptung f
    a \claim to fame ein Anspruch m auf Ruhm
    to make \claims to be sth/[that]... behaupten, etw zu sein/[dass]...
    to make wild \claims about sth über etw akk wilde Behauptungen aufstellen
    to substantiate a \claim eine Behauptung untermauern
    to support a \claim (in argument) eine Behauptung stützen; (in legal affairs) einen Anspruch begründen
    2. (demand for money) Forderung f; (in insurance) Versicherungsfall m
    to make a \claim on one's insurance bei der Versicherung einen Schadensanspruch geltend machen
    to pay a \claim einen Schaden bezahlen
    to put in a \claim [for sth] [für etw akk] Schadenersatz beantragen
    to submit a \claim for sth für etw akk eine Auslagenerstattung einreichen
    3. (right) Anspruch m, Anrecht nt (to auf + akk)
    legal \claim Rechtsanspruch m
    to have a/no \claim to sth auf etw akk Anspruch/keinen Anspruch haben
    to have no \claims on sb jdm gegenüber keine Ansprüche haben
    to lay \claim to sth auf etw akk Anspruch erheben
    \claim to recourse Rückgriffsanspruch m
    4. ECON (insurance event) Schadensfall m; (insurance right) Versicherungsanspruch m, Anspruch m auf Versicherungsleistung
    to settle a \claim eine Forderung regulieren
    5. LAW (law suit) Klage f; (assertion of right) Klagebegehren nt
    particulars of \claim Klagebegründung f
    \claim barred by procedural requirements die Klage ist unzulässig
    \claim barred by res judicata die Rechtskraft steht der Klage entgegen
    \claim barred by the statute of limitations der Anspruch ist verjährt
    6. LAW (legal matter)
    small \claim Bagatellsache f
    small \claims court Gericht, das für Geldansprüche bis zu einer bestimmten Höhe zuständig ist
    7. (patent)
    [statement of] \claim [Patent]anspruch m
    8. MIN
    [mining] \claim Claim nt
    to stake a \claim ein Claim abstecken
    II. vt
    1. (assert)
    both contestants \claimed victory after the race nach dem Rennen erhoben beide Wettbewerbsteilnehmer Anspruch auf den ersten Platz
    her new novel is \claimed to be her best yet ihr neuester Roman soll ihr bisher bester sein
    the club \claims over 100 members der Verein führt über 100 Mitglieder
    to \claim responsibility die Verantwortung übernehmen
    ▪ to \claim [that]... behaupten, dass...
    2. (declare ownership)
    ▪ to \claim sth auf etw akk Anspruch erheben
    to \claim diplomatic immunity sich akk auf diplomatische Immunität berufen
    to \claim one's luggage sein Gepäck abholen
    to \claim ownership of sth Besitzanspruch auf etw akk erheben
    to \claim the throne den Thron beanspruchen
    3. (require)
    to \claim sb's attention/a lot of time jds Aufmerksamkeit/viel Zeit in Anspruch nehmen
    4. (demand in writing)
    ▪ to \claim sth etw beantragen
    to \claim damages/a refund Schadenersatz/eine Rückerstattung fordern
    to \claim one's money back BRIT sein Geld zurückverlangen
    5. (cause death)
    to \claim thousands of lives Tausende von Leben fordern
    6. LAW (state grievance)
    ▪ to \claim sth wegen einer S. gen klagen
    7. (sl)
    ▪ to \claim sb (attack) jdn angreifen; (arrest) jdn verhaften
    8.
    ▶ to \claim the moral high ground die Moral für sich akk beanspruchen
    III. vi seine Ansprüche/seinen Anspruch geltend machen
    ▪ to \claim for sth etw fordern
    to \claim on the insurance Schadenersatz bei der Versicherung beantragen
    * * *
    [kleɪm]
    1. vt
    1) (= demand as one's own or due) Anspruch m erheben auf (+acc); social security, benefits, sum of money (= apply for) beantragen; (= draw) beanspruchen; lost property abholen

    he claimed diplomatic immunity — er berief sich auf seine diplomatische Immunität

    to claim sth as one's own — etw für sich beanspruchen, Anspruch auf etw (acc) erheben

    the fighting claimed many lives —

    2) (= profess, assert) behaupten

    he claims to have seen you — er behauptet, Sie gesehen zu haben, er will Sie gesehen haben

    the club can claim a membership of... — der Verein kann... Mitglieder vorweisen

    the advantages claimed for this technique — die Vorzüge, die man dieser Methode zuschreibt

    3) one's attention, interest in Anspruch nehmen
    2. vi
    1) (INSUR) Ansprüche geltend machen; (for damage done by people) Schadenersatz m verlangen
    2)

    (for expenses etc) to claim for sth — sich (dat) etw zurückgeben or -zahlen lassen

    you can claim for your travelling expenses — Sie können sich (dat) Ihre Reisekosten zurückerstatten lassen

    3. n
    1) (= demand) Anspruch m; (= pay claim, IND) Forderung f

    his claim to the throne/title/property etc — sein Anspruch auf den Thron/Titel/das Grundstück etc

    my claim to fame is that... — mein Anspruch auf Ruhm begründet sich darauf, dass...

    you have no claim on me — du hast keine Ansprüche an mich (zu stellen)

    children have first claim on their parents — die Kinder müssen an erster Stelle stehen, die Kinder müssen vorgehen

    to put in a claim (for sth) — etw beantragen; (Insur) Ansprüche geltend machen

    he put in an expenses claim for £100 — er reichte Spesen in Höhe von £ 100 ein

    2) (= assertion) Behauptung f

    to make a claim —

    have you heard his claim? — haben Sie gehört, was er behauptet?

    the exaggerated claims made for the new washing powder — die übertriebenen Eigenschaften, die man diesem neuen Waschpulver zuschreibt

    I make no claim to be a genius — ich erhebe nicht den Anspruch, ein Genie zu sein

    See:
    → stake
    * * *
    claim [kleım]
    A v/t
    1. fordern, beanspruchen, verlangen, geltend machen, Anspruch erheben auf (akk):
    claim compensation Ersatz fordern;
    claim back zurückfordern
    2. fig Aufmerksamkeit etc in Anspruch nehmen, (er)fordern
    3. fig (Todes)Opfer, Menschenleben fordern:
    4. a) behaupten ( sth etwas; that dass)
    b) (von sich) behaupten ( to be zu sein), für sich in Anspruch nehmen, Anspruch erheben auf (akk)
    c) aufweisen (können), haben
    d) sich bekennen zu, die Verantwortung für einen Terroranschlag etc übernehmen
    5. zurück-, einfordern, (als sein Eigentum) abholen
    B v/i claim against Klage erheben gegen
    C s
    1. Anspruch m, Forderung f (on, against gegen):
    lay claim to → A 1, A 4 b;
    make a claim eine Forderung erheben oder geltend machen;
    make (many) claims (up)on fig jemanden, jemandes Zeit (stark) in Anspruch nehmen
    2. a) (Rechts) Anspruch m, Anrecht n ( beide:
    to, [up]on auf akk, gegen):
    claim for damages Schadensersatzanspruch;
    claim to power Machtanspruch;
    put in ( oder enter) a claim eine Forderung erheben, einen Anspruch geltend machen; → hegemony
    b) (Zahlungs) Forderung f
    c) (Patent) Anspruch m
    3. Behauptung f, Anspruch m:
    make no claim to be complete keinen Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit erheben
    4. US
    b) Claim m (Anteil an einem Goldgräberunternehmen)
    5. Bergbau: Mutung f, Grubenanteil m
    * * *
    1. transitive verb
    1) (demand as one's due property) Anspruch erheben auf (+ Akk.), beanspruchen [Thron, Gebiete]; fordern [Lohnerhöhung, Schadenersatz]; beantragen [Arbeitslosenunterstützung, Sozialhilfe usw.]; abholen [Fundsache]

    claim one's luggage — sein Gepäck [ab]holen

    2) (represent oneself as having) für sich beanspruchen, in Anspruch nehmen [Sieg]
    3) (profess, contend) behaupten
    4) (result in loss of) fordern [Opfer, Menschenleben]
    2. intransitive verb
    1) (Insurance) Ansprüche geltend machen

    claim for damages/expenses — Schadenersatz fordern/sich (Dat.) Auslagen rückerstatten lassen

    3. noun
    1) Anspruch, der (to auf + Akk.)

    lay claim to something — auf etwas (Akk.) Anspruch erheben

    3) (pay claim) Forderung, die ( for nach)
    4)

    claim [for expenses] — Spesenabrechnung, die ( for über + Akk.)

    claim for damages — Schadenersatzforderung, die

    5)

    stake a claim to something — (fig.) ein Anrecht auf etwas (Akk.) anmelden

    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    n.
    Anrecht -e n.
    Forderung f.
    Recht -e n. v.
    anmaßen v.
    beanspruchen v.
    behaupten v.
    fordern v.

    English-german dictionary > claim

  • 15 claim

    kleim
    1. verb
    1) (to say that something is a fact: He claims to be the best runner in the class.) afirmar
    2) (to demand as a right: You must claim your money back if the goods are damaged.) reclamar
    3) (to state that one is the owner of: Does anyone claim this book?) reclamar

    2. noun
    1) (a statement (that something is a fact): Her claim that she was the millionaire's daughter was disproved.) afirmación
    2) ((a demand for) a payment of compensation etc: a claim for damages against her employer.) reclamación
    3) (a demand for something which (one says) one owns or has a right to: a rightful claim to the money.) reivindicación
    •
    claim1 n
    1. reclamación / reivindicación
    2. afirmación
    claim2 vb
    1. reclamar
    2. afirmar / sostener
    tr[kleɪm]
    1 (demand - for insurance) reclamación nombre femenino; (for wages) demanda, reivindicación nombre femenino; (for benefit, allowance) solicitud nombre femenino
    2 (right - to title, right, property) derecho
    1 (right, property, title) reclamar; (land) reclamar, reivindicar; (compensation) exigir, reclamar; (immunity) alegar
    2 (apply for - benefit, allowance) solicitar; (- expenses) pedir, solicitar; (receive) cobrar
    3 (of disaster, accident, etc) cobrar
    4 (assert) afirmar, sostener, decir
    5 (attention) reclamar; (time) exigir
    1 presentar un reclamación, reclamar
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    somebody's only claim to fame lo más cerca que alguien ha estado de la fama
    to claim for something reclamar algo
    to claim on one's insurance reclamar el seguro
    to have a claim on something tener derecho a algo
    to lay claim to something (property etc) reclamar el derecho a algo, reivindicar algo 2 (to knowledge etc) pretender algo
    to make a claim for damages presentar una demanda por daños, demandar por daños
    claim ['kleɪm] vt
    1) demand: reclamar, reivindicar
    she claimed her rights: reclamó sus derechos
    2) maintain: afirmar, sostener
    they claim it's theirs: sostienen que es suyo
    1) demand: demanda f, reclamación f
    2) declaration: declaración f, afirmación f
    3)
    to stake a claim : reclamar, reivindicar
    n.
    • afirmación s.f.
    • demanda (Jurisprudencia) s.f.
    • pedimento s.m.
    • pretensión s.f.
    • reclamación s.f.
    • solicitud (Gobierno) s.f.
    v.
    • afirmar v.
    • demandar v.
    • pretender v.
    • reclamar v.
    • reivindicar v.
    kleɪm
    I
    1) ( demand)

    wage o pay claim — reivindicación f salarial, demanda f de aumento salarial

    insurance claim — reclamación f al seguro

    claim FOR something: to put in a claim for expenses presentar una solicitud de reembolso de gastos; she makes enormous claims on my time — me quita muchísimo tiempo

    2) (to right, title)

    to lay claim to something — reivindicar* algo

    3) ( allegation) afirmación f
    4) ( piece of land) concesión f; see also stake II 2) a)

    II
    1.
    1)
    a) ( assert title to) \<\<throne/inheritance/land\>\> reclamar; \<\<right\>\> reivindicar*

    to claim diplomatic immunity — alegar* inmunidad diplomática

    b) ( demand as being one's own) \<\<lost property\>\> reclamar
    c) \<\<social security/benefits\>\> ( apply for) solicitar; ( receive) cobrar

    he's going to claim compensation — va a exigir que se lo indemnice, va a reclamar una indemnización

    2) (allege, profess)

    he claimed (that) he knew nothing about it — aseguraba or afirmaba no saber nada de ello

    to claim to + INF: they claim to have found the cure dicen or aseguran haber encontrado la cura; I can't claim to be an intellectual — no pretendo ser un intelectual

    3) \<\<attention/interest\>\> reclamar

    2.
    vi presentar una reclamación

    to claim on: you can claim on the insurance — puedes reclamar al seguro

    [kleɪm]
    1. N
    1) (=demand) (for rights, wages) reivindicación f, demanda f ; (for damages, on insurance) reclamación f ; (for expenses, benefit) solicitud f ; (Jur) demanda f

    pay or wage claim — reivindicación f salarial

    • to file a claim — (Jur) presentar or interponer una demanda

    • she lost her claim for damages — el tribunal rechazó su demanda de daños y perjuicios

    • to make a claim — (on insurance) reclamar

    have you made a claim since last year? — (for benefit) ¿ha solicitado alguna ayuda estatal desde el año pasado?

    • there are many claims on my time — tengo una agenda muy apretada

    • to put in a claim (for sth) — (for expenses) presentar una solicitud (de algo); (on insurance) reclamar (algo)

    2) (=right) (to property, title) derecho m

    • the town's main claim to fame is its pub — este pueblo se destaca más que nada por el bar

    • to lay claim to sth — (lit) reclamar algo; (fig) atribuirse algo

    he cannot lay claim to much originality — no puede atribuirse mucha originalidad, no puede presumir de original

    stake 2., 2), a), prior I, 1., 1)
    3) (=assertion) afirmación f
    2. VT
    1) (=demand as due) [+ rights] reivindicar; [+ lost property] reclamar; [+ allowance, benefit] (=apply for) solicitar; (=receive) cobrar

    25% of people who are entitled to claim State benefits do not do so — el 25% de las personas que tienen derecho a cobrar ayuda del Estado no lo hace

    he claimed damages for negligence on the part of the hospital — exigió que el hospital le compensara por haber cometido negligencia, demandó al hospital por negligencia

    2) (=state title to) [+ territory] reivindicar; [+ victory] atribuirse; [+ prize] llevarse; [+ throne] reclamar

    • he was too modest to claim the credit — era demasiado modesto como para atribuirse el mérito

    • so far no one has claimed responsibility for the bomb — hasta ahora nadie ha reivindicado la colocación de de la bomba

    3) (=assert)

    he claims a 70% success rate — afirma or alega que resuelve satisfactoriamente un 70% de los casos

    • to claim that — afirmar que

    • he claims to have seen her — afirma haberla visto

    4) (=require) [+ attention] requerir, exigir
    5) (=take) [+ life] cobrarse
    3.
    VI (=make demand) presentar reclamación

    make sure you claim within a month of the accident — asegúrese de presentar reclamación antes de un mes desde la fecha del accidente

    4.
    CPD

    claim form N — (for benefit) (impreso m de) solicitud f ; (for expenses) impreso m de reembolso

    claims adjuster, claims adjustor N — (US) (=insurance adjuster) perito(-a) m / f de siniestros

    * * *
    [kleɪm]
    I
    1) ( demand)

    wage o pay claim — reivindicación f salarial, demanda f de aumento salarial

    insurance claim — reclamación f al seguro

    claim FOR something: to put in a claim for expenses presentar una solicitud de reembolso de gastos; she makes enormous claims on my time — me quita muchísimo tiempo

    2) (to right, title)

    to lay claim to something — reivindicar* algo

    3) ( allegation) afirmación f
    4) ( piece of land) concesión f; see also stake II 2) a)

    II
    1.
    1)
    a) ( assert title to) \<\<throne/inheritance/land\>\> reclamar; \<\<right\>\> reivindicar*

    to claim diplomatic immunity — alegar* inmunidad diplomática

    b) ( demand as being one's own) \<\<lost property\>\> reclamar
    c) \<\<social security/benefits\>\> ( apply for) solicitar; ( receive) cobrar

    he's going to claim compensation — va a exigir que se lo indemnice, va a reclamar una indemnización

    2) (allege, profess)

    he claimed (that) he knew nothing about it — aseguraba or afirmaba no saber nada de ello

    to claim to + INF: they claim to have found the cure dicen or aseguran haber encontrado la cura; I can't claim to be an intellectual — no pretendo ser un intelectual

    3) \<\<attention/interest\>\> reclamar

    2.
    vi presentar una reclamación

    to claim on: you can claim on the insurance — puedes reclamar al seguro

    English-spanish dictionary > claim

  • 16 Historical Portugal

       Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.
       A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.
       Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140
       The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."
       In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.
       The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.
       Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385
       Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in
       Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.
       The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.
       Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580
       The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.
       The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.
       What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.
       By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.
       Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.
       The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.
       By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.
       In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.
       Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640
       Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.
       Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.
       On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.
       Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822
       Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.
       Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.
       In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the
       Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.
       Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.
       Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.
       Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910
       During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.
       Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.
       Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.
       Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.
       Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.
       As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.
       First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26
       Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.
       The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.
       Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.
       The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74
       During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."
       Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.
       For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),
       and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.
       The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.
       With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.
       During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.
       The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.
       At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.
       The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.
       Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76
       Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.
       Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.
       In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.
       In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.
       In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.
       The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until
       UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.
       Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000
       After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.
       From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.
       Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.
       Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.
       In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.
       In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.
       Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.
       Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.
       The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.
       Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.
       Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).
       All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.
       The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.
       Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.
       Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.
       From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.
       Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.
       In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.
       An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal

  • 17 wreck

    I [rek]
    1) (car) rottame m.; (burnt out) carcassa f.
    2) colloq. (old car) macinino m., rottame m., catorcio m.
    3) (ship, plane) relitto m.
    4) (sinking, destruction) naufragio m. (anche fig.)
    5) (person) rottame m.
    II [rek]
    1) [explosion, fire, vandals] devastare, distruggere [building, machinery]; [person, crash, impact] distruggere [ vehicle]
    2) fig. distruggere, fare naufragare, rovinare [career, chances, future, marriage, holiday]
    * * *
    [rek] 1. noun
    1) (a very badly damaged ship: The divers found a wreck on the sea-bed.) relitto
    2) (something in a very bad condition: an old wreck of a car; I feel a wreck after cleaning the house.) relitto, carcassa
    3) (the destruction of a ship at sea: The wreck of the Royal George.) naufragio
    2. verb
    (to destroy or damage very badly: The ship was wrecked on rocks in a storm; My son has wrecked my car; You have wrecked my plans.) distruggere
    * * *
    [rɛk]
    1. n
    (of ship, scheme etc) naufragio, (ship itself) relitto, (fig : old car etc) rottame m, (building) rudere m

    I'm a wreck; I feel a wreck — sono distrutto

    2. vt
    (gen) distruggere, rovinare, (ship) far naufragare, (train) far deragliare, (house) demolire, (health) rovinare
    * * *
    wreck /rɛk/
    n.
    1 (naut., = shipwreck) naufragio ( anche fig.): There have been many wrecks lately, vi sono stati molti naufragi di recente; the wreck of one's hopes, il naufragio delle proprie speranze
    2 (naut.) relitto; nave che ha fatto naufragio; carcassa: The shore was strewn with wrecks, la spiaggia era coperta di relitti
    3 disastro; scontro; sinistro: a train wreck, un disastro ferroviario; an automobile wreck, uno scontro automobilistico
    4 rottame ( anche fig.); rudere; macerie; (fig.) ombra: The palace is now a wreck, il palazzo è ridotto a un rudere; He's but a ( o the) wreck of his former self, non è più che l'ombra di sé stesso
    5 (fig.) distruzione; rovina; sfacelo: the wreck of one's schemes, lo sfacelo dei propri progetti
    6 (fam., = old wreck: di un'auto) macinino; catorcio
    7 (fam.) persona ridotta male; rottame: He's a nervous wreck, ha i nervi a pezzi
    ● (autom.) wreck car, carro attrezzi; carro (di) soccorso; carro gru; autogrù □ (naut.) wreck chart, carta costiera dei relitti □ (naut.) wreck raising, recupero di un relitto □ (ferr.) wreck train, treno di soccorso □ The wreck of the sea belongs to the Crown, i relitti dei naufragi sono di proprietà della Corona (in GB).
    (to) wreck /rɛk/
    A v. t.
    1 far naufragare; (fig.) distruggere, rovinare, mandare in rovina (o in fumo): The ship was wrecked by the storm, la tempesta fece naufragare la nave; I'm afraid he'll wreck our plans, temo che manderà in fumo i nostri progetti
    2 abbattere, demolire, mandare in pezzi, smantellare ( un edificio)
    B v. i.
    naufragare; far naufragio
    ● to wreck one's digestion, rovinarsi la digestione □ to be wrecked, ( di nave, marinai, passeggeri) fare naufragio; ( di treno, automobile) scontrarsi: We were wrecked off Cape Horn, facemmo naufragio al largo di Capo Horn; The train was wrecked inside the tunnel, il disastro ferroviario avvenne dentro la galleria □ wrecked goods, relitti di un naufragio; merci cadute in (o gettate a) mare □ (fig.) a wrecked life, una vita distrutta □ wrecked sailors, marinai che hanno fatto naufragio; naufraghi □ (polit.) wrecking amendment, emendamento ostruzionistico □ (edil.) wrecking ball, berta per demolizioni □ wrecking crew, (naut.) equipaggio addetto ai recuperi; (autom.) squadra di soccorso.
    * * *
    I [rek]
    1) (car) rottame m.; (burnt out) carcassa f.
    2) colloq. (old car) macinino m., rottame m., catorcio m.
    3) (ship, plane) relitto m.
    4) (sinking, destruction) naufragio m. (anche fig.)
    5) (person) rottame m.
    II [rek]
    1) [explosion, fire, vandals] devastare, distruggere [building, machinery]; [person, crash, impact] distruggere [ vehicle]
    2) fig. distruggere, fare naufragare, rovinare [career, chances, future, marriage, holiday]

    English-Italian dictionary > wreck

  • 18 claim

    [kleɪm] 1. vt
    rights, compensation żądać (zażądać perf) +gen, domagać się +gen; credit przypisywać (przypisać perf) sobie; expenses żądać (zażądać perf) zwrotu +gen; ( assert)

    he claims (that)/to be … — twierdzi, że/że jest +instr

    2. n
    ( assertion) twierdzenie nt; (for pension, wage rise) roszczenie nt; ( to inheritance etc) prawo nt, pretensje pl

    she claimed innocence — twierdziła, że jest niewinna

    to put in a claim for — ( expenses) przedstawiać (przedstawić perf) rachunek na +acc

    the airline faced millions of dollars in claims — linie lotnicze stanęły w obliczu wielomilionowych roszczeń o odszkodowania

    * * *
    [kleim] 1. verb
    1) (to say that something is a fact: He claims to be the best runner in the class.) twierdzić
    2) (to demand as a right: You must claim your money back if the goods are damaged.) upomnieć się o, żądać zwrotu
    3) (to state that one is the owner of: Does anyone claim this book?) przyznawać się (do)
    2. noun
    1) (a statement (that something is a fact): Her claim that she was the millionaire's daughter was disproved.) stwierdzenie
    2) ((a demand for) a payment of compensation etc: a claim for damages against her employer.) żądanie
    3) (a demand for something which (one says) one owns or has a right to: a rightful claim to the money.) roszczenie
    •

    English-Polish dictionary > claim

  • 19 handling

    noun, no pl.
    1) (management) Handhabung, die; (of troops, workforce, bargaining, discussion) Führung, die; (of situation, class, crowd) Umgang, der (of mit)
    2) (use) Handhabung, die; (Motor Veh.) Fahrverhalten, das; Handling, das
    3) (treatment) Behandlung, die
    4) (processing) Beförderung, die; (of passengers) Abfertigung, die
    * * *
    han·dling
    [ˈhændl̩ɪŋ]
    1. (act of touching) Berühren nt
    2. (treatment) Handhabung f (of + gen); of person Behandlung f (of + gen), Umgang m (of mit + dat); of a theme [literarische] Abhandlung
    he made his reputation through his \handling of the Cuban missile crisis er erwarb sich seinen Ruf durch die erfolgreiche Bewältigung der Kubakrise
    3. (settlement) Erledigung f, Abwicklung f (of + gen)
    4. (using a machine) Umgang m (of mit + dat), Handhabung f (of + gen); of vehicle Fahrverhalten nt
    power steering improves a car's \handling eine Servolenkung erleichtert die Lenkung eines Autos
    5. (processing of material) Verarbeitung f (of + gen); (treating of material) Bearbeitung f (of mit + dat)
    * * *
    ['hndlɪŋ]
    n
    1) (= touching) Berühren nt
    2) (of plant, animal, matter, problem) Behandlung f (
    of +gen); (of person, patient etc) Umgang m (of mit), Behandlung f ( of +gen); (of vehicle, plane, ship, drug, explosive) Umgang m (of mit); (of tool, weapon, machine) Umgang m (of mit), Handhabung f; (of writer's material) Verarbeitung f, Bearbeitung f; (of legal or financial matters) Erledigung f; (= official handling of matters, of legal case) Bearbeitung f

    his adroit handling of the car/troops — sein geschickter Umgang mit dem Auto/den Truppen

    the policeman's tactful handling of the drunk/crowd — das taktvolle Verhalten des Polizisten gegenüber dem Betrunkenen/der Menge

    his handling of the matter/situation — die Art, wie er die Angelegenheit/die Situation angefasst hat

    his successful handling of the crisis/task — seine Bewältigung der Krise/der Aufgabe

    toxic waste requires very careful handling — mit Giftmüll muss sehr vorsichtig umgegangen werden

    this package needs careful handling — dieses Paket muss vorsichtig behandelt werden

    3)

    (of vehicle) what's its handling like? — wie fährt es sich?

    a car not renowned for its easy handling — ein Auto, das sich nicht gerade durch leichte Lenkung auszeichnet

    * * *
    1. Berührung f
    2. Handhabung f, Gebrauch m
    3. Durchführung f, Erledigung f
    4. Behandlung f
    5. WIRTSCH Beförderung f, Weiterleitung f
    6. Fußball: Handspiel n:
    be cautioned for handling wegen Handspiels verwarnt werden
    * * *
    noun, no pl.
    1) (management) Handhabung, die; (of troops, workforce, bargaining, discussion) Führung, die; (of situation, class, crowd) Umgang, der (of mit)
    2) (use) Handhabung, die; (Motor Veh.) Fahrverhalten, das; Handling, das
    3) (treatment) Behandlung, die
    4) (processing) Beförderung, die; (of passengers) Abfertigung, die
    * * *
    n.
    Bedienung f.
    Behandlung f.
    Handhabung f.
    Warenumschlag m.

    English-german dictionary > handling

  • 20 claim

    kleim 1. verb
    1) (to say that something is a fact: He claims to be the best runner in the class.) påstå, hevde
    2) (to demand as a right: You must claim your money back if the goods are damaged.) kreve, gjøre krav på
    3) (to state that one is the owner of: Does anyone claim this book?) gjøre krav på, påberope seg
    2. noun
    1) (a statement (that something is a fact): Her claim that she was the millionaire's daughter was disproved.) påstand
    2) ((a demand for) a payment of compensation etc: a claim for damages against her employer.) krav, fordring, forlangende
    3) (a demand for something which (one says) one owns or has a right to: a rightful claim to the money.) krav, det en gjør krav på
    •
    fordring
    --------
    krav
    --------
    reklamasjon
    I
    subst. \/kleɪm\/
    1) krav, fordring, forlangende
    2) påstand
    3) ( forsikring) krav om skadeerstatning, forsikringskrav, erstatningskrav
    4) rett
    5) ( jus) tilgodehavende, fordring
    6) ( også mining claim) jordstykke (som det gjøres krav på, f.eks. til skjerp)
    7) forklaring: det man gjør krav på
    abandon a claim ( jus) frafalle et krav
    advance a claim eller assert a claim eller put forward a claim ( jus) gjøre et krav gjeldende
    claim for compensation eller claim for damages ( jus) erstatningskrav
    claim in bankruptcy ( jus) konkursfordring
    claims on assets ( jus) formueskrav
    claim to eller claim on eller claim for krav på, påstand om
    dismiss a claim ( jus) avvise et krav
    drop a claim ( jus) frafalle et krav
    have (many) claims on one's time ha mye å stå i med, ha det travelt
    lay claim to gjøre krav på
    legal claim ( jus) rettskrav, lovfestet rett
    make a claim for gjøre krav på, reise krav om fremsette en påstand om
    make good a claim bevise gyldigheten av et krav
    secured claim ( jus) pantefordring
    set up a claim for gjøre krav på
    substantial claim begrunnet krav, reelt krav
    II
    verb \/kleɪm\/
    1) kreve, fordre, forlange, gjøre krav på
    2) kreve
    3) hevde, påstå, forsikre, påberope seg
    4) begjære utlevert
    claiming race (amer.) forklaring: hesteveddeløp der hestene selges til avtalte priser etter løpet
    claim to påstå seg å, påstå at, hevde at

    English-Norwegian dictionary > claim

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